Electronic Components

 

Electronic Components

There are so many components doing so many things in the field of electronics.

But These components are made up from few basic components.

Generally speaking, there are only five components – from which three are passive and two are active components.

An Integrated Circuit of IC may contain thousands of transistors, a few resistors, etc., on a very small chip.

Passive Components

Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors are the passive components. These components by themselves are not capable of amplifying or processing an electrical signal. However, these components are important.

Resistors – The flow of charge (or current) through any material, cause an opposing force similar in many respects to mechanical friction. This ‘opposing force’ is called the resistance of the material. It is measured in ohms for which the symbol is Ω.

Resistors are made in many forms. But all belong to either of two groups – fixed or variable.

1. Fixed resistors – The most common of the low wattage, fixed – type resistors is the moulded-carbon composition resistors. In this the resistive material is of carbon-clay composition. The leads are made of tinned copper.

These type of resistors are available in values ranging from a few ohms to about 22 MΩ, having a tolerance range 0f 5 to 20 %.

The relative sizes of all fixed resistors change with the wattage rating.

Another type of carbon-composition resistors is the metallized type resistor. It is made by depositing a homogeneous film of pure carbon (or some metal) over a glass, ceramic or other insulating core. The carbon film can be deposited by pyrolysis of some hydrocarbon gas (e.g. benzene) on the ceramic core. Desired value are obtained by either trimming the layer thickness or by cutting helical grooves of suitable pitch along its length.